Narrative:

Clearance was 'maintain 5000', expect 17,000' 10 mins after departure'. At approximately DM35 EDT, level at 17,000', we received clearance to descend to 14,000'. First officer repeated 'air carrier a cleared to 14,000'.' I, as captain, repeated to first officer 'cleared to 14,000'.' there is no doubt ZDC said 'air carrier a, cleared to 14,000'.' second officer was on another radio discussing maintenance problem with company. We then received frequency change, still on ZDC. Upon changing frequency, we received 'air carrier X climb to 17,000'.' at this point I was descending through 15,700'. I immediately climbed back to 17,000'. ZDC then stated that clearance to 14,000' was for 'company flight B'. At no point had we ever heard any communication with a company 'B' nor were we advised of a flight 'B' on frequency. There was no conflict with any other aircraft that I was aware of. Similar call signs are always a problem. ATC not listening to readbacks is a large problem. Call sign of flight 'a' followed by a 'B' is also a mouthful. Could be center said 'flight a 8XX' which sounds like 'flight AB8X'. Only the tapes will know.

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Original NASA ASRS Text

Title: ALT DEVIATION CREATED BY FLT CREW ANSWERING TO ANOTHER FLT'S CALL SIGN OR ARTCC RADAR CTLR USING THE WRONG CALL SIGN FOR DESCENT CLRNC.

Narrative: CLRNC WAS 'MAINTAIN 5000', EXPECT 17,000' 10 MINS AFTER DEP'. AT APPROX DM35 EDT, LEVEL AT 17,000', WE RECEIVED CLRNC TO DSND TO 14,000'. F/O REPEATED 'ACR A CLRED TO 14,000'.' I, AS CAPT, REPEATED TO F/O 'CLRED TO 14,000'.' THERE IS NO DOUBT ZDC SAID 'ACR A, CLRED TO 14,000'.' S/O WAS ON ANOTHER RADIO DISCUSSING MAINT PROBLEM WITH COMPANY. WE THEN RECEIVED FREQ CHANGE, STILL ON ZDC. UPON CHANGING FREQ, WE RECEIVED 'ACR X CLIMB TO 17,000'.' AT THIS POINT I WAS DESCENDING THROUGH 15,700'. I IMMEDIATELY CLIMBED BACK TO 17,000'. ZDC THEN STATED THAT CLRNC TO 14,000' WAS FOR 'COMPANY FLT B'. AT NO POINT HAD WE EVER HEARD ANY COM WITH A COMPANY 'B' NOR WERE WE ADVISED OF A FLT 'B' ON FREQ. THERE WAS NO CONFLICT WITH ANY OTHER ACFT THAT I WAS AWARE OF. SIMILAR CALL SIGNS ARE ALWAYS A PROBLEM. ATC NOT LISTENING TO READBACKS IS A LARGE PROBLEM. CALL SIGN OF FLT 'A' FOLLOWED BY A 'B' IS ALSO A MOUTHFUL. COULD BE CENTER SAID 'FLT A 8XX' WHICH SOUNDS LIKE 'FLT AB8X'. ONLY THE TAPES WILL KNOW.

Data retrieved from NASA's ASRS site as of August 2007 and automatically converted to unabbreviated mixed upper/lowercase text. This report is for informational purposes with no guarantee of accuracy. See NASA's ASRS site for official report.