Narrative:

This flight simulated a checkride for a multi-engine additional class rating with instrument privileges. The flight had just completed the localizer runway 28L approach, simulating an engine inoperative approach, and was cleared to land on runway 28L. In preflight briefing, the student was instructed to request a touch and go with VFR TA's back to reid-hillview airport. After receiving ATIS, the student copied the altimeter setting as 29.97, but set the altimeter incorrectly to 29.87, which caused the altimeter to read 100 ft low. This was the second time the same error had been made and the instructor had already brought the error to the attention of the student on the previous episode. The instructor noted the error, but decided not to bring it up again in order to minimize the distrs for the student, since the student was already highly workloaded and the WX was VMC. The instructor also did not reset the altimeter correctly. When the tower asked how the approach will terminate, the student replied that the flight would land. The instructor did not correct the student's transmission at that time, because he did not want to tip off the student that he intended to ask for a go around on short final. Surprise is a key element of realism in the go around procedure, as if something appeared on the runway at the last min necessitating a last-min execution of the procedure. On climb out, the student did not completely raise the flaps. This distraction the instructor, who was focused on making sure the aircraft maintained climb airspeed and did not exceed 1500 ft MSL. In the preflight briefing, the student was instructed to maintain an altitude below 1500 ft MSL to avoid the class C airspace. The student climbed the aircraft to just below 1500 ft MSL as indicated on the altimeter and the instructor made sure the aircraft stayed below 1500 ft MSL. However, he forgot that the altimeter was still set incorrectly. The tower asked the flight to maintain 1000 ft MSL at that time, and the instructor then realized that the flight probably penetrated the class C airspace. In order to avoid such an incident in the future, the instructor will need to better brief the student about the tpa at hayward and that he should not climb above that altitude or depart the pattern unless cleared to do so by the hayward ATCT. Creating a written preflight information briefing checklist will help to make sure a thorough flight briefing has been accomplished and contribute to forming good habit patterns for student pilots.

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Original NASA ASRS Text

Title: CLASS C AIRSPACE INCURSION BY A BE76 TRAINING FLT OFF THE LOC DME RWY 20L ON A MISSED APCH PROC AT HWD, CA.

Narrative: THIS FLT SIMULATED A CHECKRIDE FOR A MULTI-ENG ADDITIONAL CLASS RATING WITH INST PRIVILEGES. THE FLT HAD JUST COMPLETED THE LOC RWY 28L APCH, SIMULATING AN ENG INOP APCH, AND WAS CLRED TO LAND ON RWY 28L. IN PREFLT BRIEFING, THE STUDENT WAS INSTRUCTED TO REQUEST A TOUCH AND GO WITH VFR TA'S BACK TO REID-HILLVIEW ARPT. AFTER RECEIVING ATIS, THE STUDENT COPIED THE ALTIMETER SETTING AS 29.97, BUT SET THE ALTIMETER INCORRECTLY TO 29.87, WHICH CAUSED THE ALTIMETER TO READ 100 FT LOW. THIS WAS THE SECOND TIME THE SAME ERROR HAD BEEN MADE AND THE INSTRUCTOR HAD ALREADY BROUGHT THE ERROR TO THE ATTN OF THE STUDENT ON THE PREVIOUS EPISODE. THE INSTRUCTOR NOTED THE ERROR, BUT DECIDED NOT TO BRING IT UP AGAIN IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE DISTRS FOR THE STUDENT, SINCE THE STUDENT WAS ALREADY HIGHLY WORKLOADED AND THE WX WAS VMC. THE INSTRUCTOR ALSO DID NOT RESET THE ALTIMETER CORRECTLY. WHEN THE TWR ASKED HOW THE APCH WILL TERMINATE, THE STUDENT REPLIED THAT THE FLT WOULD LAND. THE INSTRUCTOR DID NOT CORRECT THE STUDENT'S XMISSION AT THAT TIME, BECAUSE HE DID NOT WANT TO TIP OFF THE STUDENT THAT HE INTENDED TO ASK FOR A GAR ON SHORT FINAL. SURPRISE IS A KEY ELEMENT OF REALISM IN THE GAR PROC, AS IF SOMETHING APPEARED ON THE RWY AT THE LAST MIN NECESSITATING A LAST-MIN EXECUTION OF THE PROC. ON CLBOUT, THE STUDENT DID NOT COMPLETELY RAISE THE FLAPS. THIS DISTR THE INSTRUCTOR, WHO WAS FOCUSED ON MAKING SURE THE ACFT MAINTAINED CLB AIRSPD AND DID NOT EXCEED 1500 FT MSL. IN THE PREFLT BRIEFING, THE STUDENT WAS INSTRUCTED TO MAINTAIN AN ALT BELOW 1500 FT MSL TO AVOID THE CLASS C AIRSPACE. THE STUDENT CLBED THE ACFT TO JUST BELOW 1500 FT MSL AS INDICATED ON THE ALTIMETER AND THE INSTRUCTOR MADE SURE THE ACFT STAYED BELOW 1500 FT MSL. HOWEVER, HE FORGOT THAT THE ALTIMETER WAS STILL SET INCORRECTLY. THE TWR ASKED THE FLT TO MAINTAIN 1000 FT MSL AT THAT TIME, AND THE INSTRUCTOR THEN REALIZED THAT THE FLT PROBABLY PENETRATED THE CLASS C AIRSPACE. IN ORDER TO AVOID SUCH AN INCIDENT IN THE FUTURE, THE INSTRUCTOR WILL NEED TO BETTER BRIEF THE STUDENT ABOUT THE TPA AT HAYWARD AND THAT HE SHOULD NOT CLB ABOVE THAT ALT OR DEPART THE PATTERN UNLESS CLRED TO DO SO BY THE HAYWARD ATCT. CREATING A WRITTEN PREFLT INFO BRIEFING CHKLIST WILL HELP TO MAKE SURE A THOROUGH FLT BRIEFING HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED AND CONTRIBUTE TO FORMING GOOD HABIT PATTERNS FOR STUDENT PLTS.

Data retrieved from NASA's ASRS site as of July 2007 and automatically converted to unabbreviated mixed upper/lowercase text. This report is for informational purposes with no guarantee of accuracy. See NASA's ASRS site for official report.